French Cuisine for Beginners: A Culinary Adventure

When it comes to culinary excellence, few cuisines rival the artistry and flavors found in French gastronomy. For beginners eager to explore the world of French cuisine, this culinary adventure promises not only a delightful sensory experience but also a journey into the heart of a culture deeply intertwined with its culinary traditions.

1. Introduction to French Culinary Terms

The world of French cuisine comes with its own lexicon, a language that captures the precision, technique, and passion inherent in the culinary arts. Before donning the chef’s hat, let’s delve into some fundamental terms that will serve as the key to understanding and appreciating the nuances of French cooking.

a. Mise en Place: Everything in Its Place

The cornerstone of French culinary philosophy, “mise en place” goes beyond a mere term; it’s a way of approaching the culinary craft. Literally translating to “everything in its place,” this concept emphasizes the meticulous preparation and organization of ingredients before the actual cooking begins. From chopping vegetables to measuring out spices, embracing “mise en place” ensures a seamless and enjoyable cooking experience.

b. Saucier: The Master of Sauces

In the bustling realm of the kitchen, the “sauce chef” or “saucier” holds a revered position. This expert is tasked with creating the foundational element that often defines a dish – the sauce. Whether it’s a velvety béchamel, a rich bordelaise, or a delicate hollandaise, the saucier’s expertise lies in mastering the art of flavor, consistency, and balance, elevating dishes to culinary masterpieces.

c. Coulis: The Essence of Pureed Goodness

The term “coulis” may sound sophisticated, but its concept is elegantly simple. A “coulis” refers to a strained sauce made from pureed fruits or vegetables. This versatile element can range from a vibrant raspberry coulis drizzled over a dessert to a savory tomato coulis enhancing the flavors of a main course. Understanding this term opens up a realm of possibilities for adding depth and freshness to a variety of dishes.

d. Blanchir: The Technique of Whitening

In French cuisine, the term “blanchir” takes center stage when it comes to certain vegetables or even proteins. Literally translating to “to whiten,” blanching involves briefly immersing ingredients in boiling water and then rapidly cooling them in ice water. This technique serves various purposes, from removing excess bitterness to preserving the vibrant colors of vegetables, contributing to both visual appeal and taste.

e. Déglacer: Rescuing Flavor From the Pan

To “déglacer” is to rescue flavorful bits stuck to the bottom of a pan. This technique involves adding liquid, such as wine or broth, to a hot pan to loosen these tasty remnants. The result is a rich, concentrated liquid that becomes the base for a delectable sauce. Déglacer is a culinary art that transforms a seemingly empty pan into a treasure trove of flavor.

2. Common Ingredients in French Cooking

To embark on a journey into the heart of French cuisine, one must first acquaint themselves with the fundamental ingredients that form the backbone of this gastronomic marvel. From fragrant herbs to aromatic vegetables, the palette of flavors in French cooking is diverse, rich, and deeply rooted in the country’s culinary traditions.

a. Herbs: Fragrant Bouquets of Flavor

Thyme, Parsley, Tarragon, and More:

In French cooking, herbs are more than mere seasonings; they are the aromatic symphony that elevates dishes to new heights. Thyme, with its earthy and slightly floral notes, finds its way into stews and roasted meats. Parsley, both flat-leaf and curly, adds a fresh and vibrant touch to a myriad of dishes. Tarragon lends its anise-like flavor to classic French sauces, while chives provide a mild onion essence, perfect for garnishing.

b. Aromatic Vegetables: Building Flavor Foundations

Onions, Garlic, Shallots, and Leeks:

French cuisine often begins with the trinity of onions, garlic, and shallots – the aromatic foundation that imparts depth to countless dishes. Onions, whether caramelized, sautéed, or raw, contribute sweetness and complexity. Garlic, with its pungent and savory notes, is a staple in various French sauces. Shallots, a milder relative of onions, add a nuanced, subtle flavor. Leeks, with their mild onion-like taste, are frequently featured in soups and stews.

c. Cheeses: A World of Fromage

Brie, Camembert, Roquefort, and Comté:

Cheese is not just an accompaniment in French cuisine; it’s a star player. Brie and Camembert, both soft, creamy, and indulgent, represent the world of French soft cheeses. Roquefort, a blue cheese with a distinct tang, adds depth to salads and sauces. Comté, a firm and nutty cheese, is a versatile ingredient in various savory dishes. The diversity of French cheeses is a testament to the country’s cheese-making artistry.

d. Stocks and Broths: Liquid Gold in French Cooking

Chicken, Beef, and Vegetable Stocks:

The foundation of many French sauces and dishes lies in meticulously crafted stocks and broths. Chicken stock, simmered with aromatic vegetables and herbs, imparts richness to sauces and soups. Beef stock, with its deep, hearty flavor, forms the base of classic French stews. Vegetable stock, a lighter alternative, adds a delicate touch to vegetarian dishes. These liquid gold creations are the secret behind many French culinary masterpieces.

e. Dairy: Butter, Cream, and Crème Fraîche

Beurre, Crème, and Crème Fraîche:

Butter is a non-negotiable in French cooking, adding richness and depth to both savory and sweet creations. Crème, whether in the form of heavy cream or crème fraîche, provides a luscious texture to sauces and desserts. French cooking embraces the indulgence of dairy, turning it into a delightful and essential component of countless recipes.

f. Flour: The Foundation of French Pastries

All-Purpose and Pastry Flour:

In the realm of French pastries, flour takes center stage. All-purpose flour serves as the base for many breads and savory creations. Pastry flour, with its lower protein content, produces delicate and tender pastries. French baking is an art, and the choice of flour plays a crucial role in achieving the desired texture and flavor in every croissant, baguette, or tart.

3. Basic French Cooking Techniques

In the realm of French cuisine, the true magic unfolds through a mastery of cooking techniques that transform simple ingredients into culinary masterpieces. For beginners stepping into the kitchen, understanding these fundamental techniques is akin to acquiring the keys to the enchanted castle of French cooking.

a. Sautéing: The Dance of Quick Cooking

Transforming Ingredients with Precision:

“Sautéing” is more than just a cooking method; it’s a dance of quick cooking over high heat to impart flavor and texture. In French cuisine, this technique is often employed for vegetables, meats, and seafood. The key lies in the precision of timing, ensuring that ingredients are seared to perfection, sealing in their natural juices and enhancing their inherent flavors.

b. Braising: Slow-Cooked Elegance

Infusing Flavor Through Slow Simmering:

“Braising” is the culinary art of slow-cooking in a liquid, often resulting in dishes of unparalleled tenderness and depth. French classics like “Coq au Vin” exemplify the elegance of this technique. Ingredients are first seared to develop a rich exterior, then gently simmered in a flavorful liquid until they reach melt-in-your-mouth perfection. Braising showcases the art of transforming humble ingredients into extraordinary delights.

c. Deglazing: Rescuing Flavor From the Pan

Transforming Residual Goodness into Liquid Gold:

To “déglaze” is to rescue flavorful bits stuck to the bottom of a pan. This technique involves adding liquid—such as wine, broth, or vinegar—to a hot pan, lifting and dissolving these savory remnants. The result is a rich, concentrated liquid that becomes the base for delectable sauces. “Déglazing” is a masterstroke that transforms a seemingly empty pan into a treasure trove of flavor.

d. Blanching: Preserving Color and Texture

A Technique to Preserve Vibrancy:

In French cuisine, “blanching” is a technique used to briefly immerse ingredients—often vegetables—in boiling water and then rapidly cool them in ice water. This method serves multiple purposes, from removing excess bitterness to preserving the vibrant colors of vegetables. “Blanching” ensures that vegetables maintain their crispness and visual appeal in various dishes.

e. Poaching: Gentle Cooking for Delicate Results

Achieving Tender Perfection Through Submersion:

“Poaching” involves gently simmering ingredients in a flavored liquid until they reach tender perfection. This technique is often applied to delicate proteins like fish, eggs, or poultry. The slow and gentle cooking process ensures that the texture remains tender and the flavors are infused with the aromatic qualities of the poaching liquid.

f. Beurre Manié: The Secret to Luxurious Sauces

A Magical Thickening Agent:

In French culinary alchemy, “beurre manié” plays a pivotal role in creating luxurious sauces. This mixture of equal parts butter and flour is kneaded together and then added to sauces for thickening. Unlike traditional roux, which is cooked in advance, “beurre manié” is introduced at the end of the cooking process, imparting a velvety texture to sauces without a floury taste.

4. Iconic French Dishes for Beginners

A French adventure journey into French cuisine wouldn’t be complete without savoring the timeless classics that have made France a global culinary icon. For beginners eager to experience the heart and soul of French cooking, these iconic dishes serve as an essential introduction to the rich tapestry of flavors, textures, and traditions.

a. Coq au Vin: Braised Chicken in Red Wine

A Symphony of Flavors in Every Bite:

“Coq au Vin” is a quintessential French dish that beautifully encapsulates the art of braising. In this classic, chicken pieces are slowly simmered in red wine, creating a sumptuous, rich sauce infused with the essence of herbs, mushrooms, and aromatics. The result is tender, succulent chicken with a depth of flavor that epitomizes French culinary excellence.

b. Ratatouille: A Celebration of Vegetables

Mediterranean Harmony on a Plate:

“Ratatouille” is a vegetable medley that captures the essence of Mediterranean flavors. A melange of zucchini, eggplant, bell peppers, tomatoes, and aromatic herbs, this dish showcases the vibrant colors and tastes of Provence. Whether served as a side dish or a main course, “Ratatouille” is a celebration of seasonal produce and the art of simplicity in French cooking.

c. Quiche Lorraine: A Savory Pastry Delight

Buttery Crust, Creamy Filling, and Irresistible Goodness:

“Quiche Lorraine” is a savory pastry that has become synonymous with French comfort food. The buttery crust cradles a filling of eggs, cream, bacon, and cheese, creating a harmonious blend of textures and flavors. Whether enjoyed warm or at room temperature, this dish is a testament to the French mastery of combining humble ingredients into a culinary work of art.

d. Bouillabaisse: Seafood Extravaganza

A Fisherman’s Feast from the Mediterranean:

“Bouillabaisse” is a seafood lover’s dream, a hearty fisherman’s stew originating from the coastal city of Marseille. This flavorful dish combines an array of fish, shellfish, tomatoes, herbs, and spices in a broth that sings of the Mediterranean. Served with rouille—a garlicky mayonnaise-like sauce—and crusty bread, “Bouillabaisse” transports diners to the sun-drenched shores of southern France.

e. Croque-Monsieur: Gourmet Grilled Cheese

Simple Indulgence Elevated to Elegance:

“Croque-Monsieur” is the epitome of French comfort food with a touch of sophistication. This gourmet grilled cheese sandwich features ham, creamy béchamel sauce, and Gruyère cheese, all nestled between slices of crusty bread. Baked to golden perfection, the “Croque-Monsieur” is a delightful combination of textures and flavors, making it a beloved classic in French bistros.

f. Salade Niçoise: Mediterranean Freshness on a Plate

A Colorful Tapestry of Fresh Ingredients:

“Salade Niçoise” is a refreshing salad that embodies the vibrant flavors of the French Riviera. Featuring a medley of tuna, olives, tomatoes, boiled eggs, and anchovies on a bed of crisp lettuce, this salad is dressed with a simple vinaigrette. “Salade Niçoise” not only delights the taste buds but also showcases the emphasis on fresh, quality ingredients in French culinary traditions.

5. Navigating a French Menu

Stepping into a French restaurant is not just a dining experience; it’s a journey through a culinary tapestry woven with precision, tradition, and artistry. For beginners eager to immerse themselves in the world of French gastronomy, mastering the art of navigating a French menu is an essential skill that opens the door to a symphony of flavors and culinary delights.

a. Appetizers (Entrées): A Prelude to Pleasure

Soups, Salads, and Starters:

In French dining, the “entrées” are not the main courses but rather the appetizers or starters. Begin your culinary exploration with classics such as “Soupe à l’Oignon” (French Onion Soup) or “Salade Lyonnaise” (Lyonnais Salad). These dishes provide a delightful prelude to the gastronomic journey ahead, offering a taste of French finesse.

b. Main Courses (Plats Principaux): The Heart of the Matter

Proteins, Pastas, and Poultry:

The “plats principaux” or main courses are the heart of the French dining experience. Here, you’ll encounter a diverse array of dishes featuring proteins like beef, lamb, poultry, and fish. Classics like “Bœuf Bourguignon” (Beef Bourguignon) and “Canard Confit” (Duck Confit) showcase the depth of French culinary traditions. Don’t hesitate to explore regional specialties, each offering a unique expression of local flavors.

c. Cheese (Fromages): A Symphony of Savory Delights

An Artisanal Journey of Cheese:

Before indulging in dessert, consider the “fromages” or cheese course—a quintessential part of French dining. Delve into the world of artisanal cheeses, each with its own story and flavor profile. Try a selection of cheeses, paired with bread and perhaps a glass of wine, to savor the diversity and richness of French cheese culture.

d. Desserts (Desserts): A Sweet Finale

Decadent Delights to Satisfy the Sweet Tooth:

The “desserts” section is where the culinary journey reaches its sweet finale. Indulge in classics like “Tarte Tatin” (Upside-Down Caramelized Apple Tart) or “Crêpes Suzette,” or explore regional specialties like “Île Flottante” (Floating Island). French desserts are a celebration of precision, artistry, and a passion for the sweet side of life.

e. Beverages (Boissons): Elevating the Experience

Wines, Aperitifs, and Digestifs:

Complement your meal with carefully selected beverages from the “boissons” section. French wines, known for their diversity and sophistication, are an integral part of the dining experience. Consider starting with an “apéritif” like Kir or Pastis before your meal and ending with a “digestif” such as Cognac or Armagnac to complete the sensory journey.

f. Tips for Navigating: The Art of Ordering

Embrace the Guidance of Waitstaff:

Navigating a French menu can be an art in itself, and don’t hesitate to seek guidance from the knowledgeable waitstaff. They can provide insights into the specialties of the day, suggest wine pairings, and ensure your dining experience aligns with the richness of French culinary traditions.

6. Simple French Recipes for Beginners

Unlocking the secrets of French cuisine need not be an intimidating feat for beginners. In fact, the essence of French cooking lies in simplicity, quality ingredients, and a touch of culinary finesse. Here are some simple yet delightful French recipes that will not only introduce beginners to the basics but also bring the flavors of France to their own kitchens.

a. Salade Niçoise: A Refreshing Mediterranean Salad

Ingredients:

• Tuna (canned or grilled)
• Cherry tomatoes, halved
• Boiled potatoes, sliced
• Hard-boiled eggs, halved
• Black olives
• Mixed salad greens
• Olive oil
• Dijon mustard
• Red wine vinegar
• Salt and pepper

Instructions:

1. Arrange the salad greens on a plate.
2. Add the tuna, cherry tomatoes, boiled potatoes, hard-boiled eggs, and black olives on top.
3. In a small bowl, whisk together olive oil, Dijon mustard, and red wine vinegar to create the dressing.
4. Drizzle the dressing over the salad and season with salt and pepper.
5. Toss gently and serve. Voilà! You have a refreshing Salade Niçoise.

b. Quiche Lorraine: A Classic Savory Pastry

Ingredients:

• 1 pie crust (store-bought or homemade)
• 6 slices of bacon, cooked and crumbled
• 1 cup Gruyère cheese, grated
• 3 large eggs
• 1 cup heavy cream
• Salt and pepper
• Nutmeg (optional)

Instructions:

1. Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
2. Line a pie dish with the pie crust.
3. Sprinkle bacon and Gruyère cheese evenly over the crust.
4. In a bowl, whisk together eggs, heavy cream, salt, pepper, and a pinch of nutmeg (if using).
5. Pour the egg mixture over the bacon and cheese.
6. Bake for 30-35 minutes or until the quiche is set and golden.
7. Allow it to cool for a few minutes before slicing. Enjoy your homemade Quiche Lorraine!

c. Ratatouille: A Vegetable Medley Masterpiece

Ingredients:

• 1 zucchini, sliced
• 1 eggplant, diced
• 1 red bell pepper, sliced
• 1 yellow bell pepper, sliced
• 1 onion, sliced
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 3 tomatoes, diced
• Fresh basil and thyme
• Olive oil
• Salt and pepper

Instructions:

1. Preheat the oven to 375°F (190°C).
2. In a baking dish, arrange the sliced vegetables in an alternating pattern.
3. Sprinkle minced garlic over the vegetables and drizzle with olive oil.
4. Season with salt, pepper, and fresh herbs.
5. Cover with foil and bake for 45 minutes. Uncover and bake for an additional 15 minutes until the vegetables are tender.
6. Serve the Ratatouille as a side dish or a light main course.

d. Crème Brûlée: A Decadent Dessert Delight

Ingredients:

• 4 large egg yolks
• 1/2 cup granulated sugar
• 2 cups heavy cream
• 1 teaspoon vanilla extract
• Brown sugar for caramelization

Instructions:

1. Preheat the oven to 325°F (163°C).
2. In a bowl, whisk together egg yolks and sugar until well combined.
3. In a saucepan, heat the heavy cream until it just starts to simmer. Remove from heat.
4. Slowly whisk the hot cream into the egg yolk mixture.
5. Add vanilla extract and mix well.
6. Pour the mixture into ramekins and place them in a baking dish. Add hot water to the dish until it reaches halfway up the sides of the ramekins.
7. Bake for 40-45 minutes or until the custard is set.
8. Allow the Crème Brûlée to cool and refrigerate for a few hours.
9. Sprinkle a thin, even layer of brown sugar on top and caramelize using a kitchen torch.
10. Let the sugar harden, and your Crème Brûlée is ready to be served.

e. Chicken Fricassee: Comfort in a Pot

Ingredients:

• 4 chicken thighs, skin-on, bone-in
• 1 onion, finely chopped
• 2 carrots, sliced
• 2 cloves garlic, minced
• 1 cup mushrooms, sliced
• 1/2 cup dry white wine
• 1 cup chicken broth
• 2 tablespoons all-purpose flour
• 2 tablespoons butter
• Fresh thyme
• Salt and pepper

Instructions:

1. Season chicken thighs with salt and pepper.
2. In a large pot, heat butter over medium-high heat. Brown chicken on all sides and set aside.
3. In the same pot, add chopped onions, carrots, and mushrooms. Sauté until softened.
4. Stir in flour and cook for 1-2 minutes.
5. Pour in white wine and scrape any browned bits from the bottom of the pot.
6. Add chicken broth, minced garlic, and fresh thyme.
7. Return the chicken to the pot and simmer for 30-35 minutes or until chicken is cooked through.
8. Serve the Chicken Fricassee over rice or with crusty bread.

7. Pairing French Wines with Meals

In the world of French cuisine, the art of pairing wines with meals is a cherished tradition, elevating dining experiences to new heights. For beginners seeking to enhance their culinary journey, understanding the principles of wine pairing can add a symphony of flavors to every bite. Here’s a guide to pairing French wines with meals, unlocking the magic of harmonious combinations.

a. White Wines: The Elegance of Crisp and Aromatic

1. Sauvignon Blanc:

• Pair with: Fresh seafood, goat cheese salads, asparagus dishes.
• Why it works: The bright acidity and herbal notes complement the freshness of seafood and the vibrancy of green vegetables.

2. Chardonnay:

• Pair with: Roast chicken, creamy pasta dishes, lobster.
• Why it works: The rich, buttery texture of Chardonnay complements the creamy sauces in pasta dishes and enhances the succulence of roast chicken.

3. Viognier:

• Pair with: Spicy dishes, Asian cuisine, apricot-glazed pork.
• Why it works: Viognier’s aromatic and floral qualities balance the spiciness in dishes and enhance the sweetness of fruity glazes.

b. Red Wines: The Robust Harmony of Reds

1. Pinot Noir:

• Pair with: Salmon, roasted chicken, mushroom dishes.
• Why it works: Pinot Noir’s lighter body and red fruit notes harmonize with the delicate flavors of salmon and the earthiness of mushrooms.

2. Merlot:

• Pair with: Beef stew, grilled lamb, pasta with tomato-based sauces.
• Why it works: The softer tannins and plum-like flavors of Merlot complement the richness of beef stew and the heartiness of grilled lamb.

3. Cabernet Sauvignon:

• Pair with: Beef dishes, aged cheeses, grilled steak.
• Why it works: Cabernet Sauvignon’s bold structure stands up to the intensity of grilled steak and the robust flavors of aged cheeses.

c. Rosé: The Versatile Allure

1. Dry Rosé:

• Pair with: Mediterranean cuisine, grilled vegetables, seafood paella.
• Why it works: The crispness of dry rosé complements the freshness of grilled vegetables and enhances the flavors of seafood paella.

d. Sparkling Wines: Effervescence for Celebration

1. Champagne:

• Pair with: Oysters, caviar, creamy cheeses.
• Why it works: The effervescence and acidity of Champagne cut through the richness of creamy cheeses and complement the brininess of oysters.

e. Dessert Wines: A Sweet Finale

1. Sauternes:

• Pair with: Foie gras, blue cheese, desserts with caramel.
• Why it works: The honeyed sweetness of Sauternes balances the richness of foie gras and intensifies the flavors of blue cheese.

f. Tips for Pairing: Enhancing the Dining Experience

1. Match Intensity:

• Pair lighter wines with lighter dishes and fuller-bodied wines with heartier, more flavorful dishes.

2. Complement or Contrast:

• Choose wines that either complement the flavors in the dish or provide a delightful contrast.

3. Consider Sauces and Preparations:

• Take into account the sauces and preparations used in the dish, as they significantly influence the wine pairing.

4. Balance Sweetness:

• Ensure that the sweetness level of the wine is equal to or higher than that of the dish to maintain balance.

8. Embracing the French Art of Dining

Dining in France is not merely a means of nourishment; it is a cultural affair, a celebration of flavors, conversation, and the simple joy of savoring each moment. For beginners eager to immerse themselves in the French art of dining, here is a guide that unveils the nuances of this cherished tradition, where meals are not just about sustenance but an expression of life’s pleasures.

a. The Importance of Slow Dining: Savoring Each Bite

In the fast-paced modern world, the French art of dining remains an oasis of unhurried elegance. Meals are not rushed affairs but leisurely experiences meant to be savored. The French understand the beauty of taking time, relishing each bite, and allowing the flavors to unfold on the palate. As a beginner, embrace the concept of slow dining, allowing the meal to be a moment of respite and enjoyment.

b. Appreciating Seasonal and Local Ingredients: A Culinary Symphony

Central to the French dining ethos is the emphasis on seasonal and local ingredients. From the bustling markets of Paris to the quaint countryside, the French take pride in sourcing the freshest produce, meats, and cheeses. As you embark on your journey, explore local farmers’ markets and embrace the beauty of cooking with ingredients at their peak of freshness.

c. The Pleasure of Shared Meals: Bon Appétit!

In France, meals are a communal affair—a time for family and friends to gather, share stories, and enjoy each other’s company. The pleasure of shared meals is not just about the food; it’s about the connections forged over a table laden with culinary delights. As a beginner, invite loved ones to join you in this culinary adventure, creating memories that extend beyond the plate.

d. A Symphony of Courses: Unveiling Culinary Chapters

French dining is an orchestrated symphony of courses, each unveiling a new chapter in the culinary experience. From appetizers to main courses, cheeses, and desserts, each course is a carefully curated exploration of flavors and textures. As you dine, appreciate the artistry of this culinary symphony, savoring each course as a distinct movement in the overall composition.

e. The Ritual of Wine: Elevating the Experience

Wine is an integral part of the French dining ritual, a libation that enhances the flavors and elevates the dining experience. Whether it’s a simple bistro or a Michelin-starred establishment, the choice of wine is a thoughtful endeavor. As a beginner, explore the world of French wines, discovering how the right pairing can transform a meal into a sensory masterpiece.

f. The Cheese Course: A Culinary Finale

No French meal is complete without the cheese course—a finale that celebrates the diversity of French fromage. From creamy Brie to pungent Roquefort, the cheese course is a moment of indulgence that allows diners to linger over the table, savoring the last notes of the culinary symphony.

g. The Art of Espresso: A Punctuating Elixir

As the meal concludes, the art of dining extends to the ritual of espresso. This robust elixir, served in petite cups, punctuates the culinary journey, providing a final note of satisfaction. The French understand that a well-brewed espresso is not just a beverage; it’s a moment of reflection, signaling the end of a delightful meal.

Conclusion:

As you step away from this culinary journey, armed with the knowledge of French idioms, iconic dishes, wine pairings, and the art of dining, remember that French cuisine is not just about what’s on the plate—it’s about the experience, the connection, and the joy of savoring life’s simple pleasures. So, whether you find yourself in a bustling bistro or your own dining room, may each bite be a celebration, and each meal a reminder of the exquisite delights that await on the journey of French culinary exploration. Bon appétit, and may your culinary adventures continue to unfold in the spirit of discovery and joy!